Acids and bases

Acids, bases and indicators Concept Map
http://popplet.com/app/index.php#/437753

Acids and bases

Acids:
1. Tastes sour
2. Turns blue litmus paper red
3. PH<7
4. Hydrogen ions must be present- H+
Examples:
Hydrochloric acid-> HCl
Sulfuric acid-> H2SO4
Nitric acid-> HNO3
Ethanoic acid-> CH3COOH
Carbonic acid-> H2CO3
Strong acids: Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, Nitric acid (pH value-1?)
Weak acids: Ethanoic acid, Carbonic acid (pH value- 4?)
HCl(g)- covalent bonding
-H20-> H+(aq)+ Cl-(aq)


1. Remeber all the relevant polyatomic ions- SO4 2-, CO3 2-, NO3 2-, NH4 +.

http://goo.gl/fzROA
- Compare HCl and vinegar.
hydrochloric acid-> stomach acid-> HCl -> H+ Cl-
nitric acid-> acid rain-> HNO3 -> H+ NO3 -
sulfuric acid-> acid rain-> H2SO4 -> H+ H+ SO4 2-
phosphoric acid-> cola-> H3PO4-> H+ H+ H+ PO4 3-
acetic acid-> vinegar-> CH3COOH-> H+ CH3COO-

Particle views:
Weak acid-> mostly molecules, few ions

Strong acids-> all ions (not all dissociated)
- completely dissociate in water (Hydrochloric acid: strong)

Reactions of acids:
1. Acid+ metal-> salt+ hydrogen gas
2. acid+ carbonates-> salt+ water carbon dioxide gas
3. acid+ base-> salt and water
(Salts are mainly ionic compounds- metal and non-metal)

1. Hydrochloric acid+ Magnesium-> magnesium chloride +hydrogen gas

(minus H-> Cl)

Cl-    Chloride

I-     Iodide

Br-    Bromide

N3-    Nitride

O2-    Oxide

S2-    Sulfide

SO4 2-    sulfate

SO3 2-    sulfite

NO3 -     nitrate

PO4 3-    phospate

1. calcium (Ca) +sulfuric acid(H2 S04) -> calcium sulfate+ hydrogen gas
2. sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3)+ hychrochloric acid(HCl)-> Sodium chloride+ carbon dioxide+ water
3. nitric acid(HNO3)+ sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-> sodium nitrate(Na NO3)+ water (H2O)

Common bases:

sodium hydroxide-> drain cleaner-> NaOH-> Na+ (OH)-

magnesium hydroxide-> antacid tablets-> Mg (OH)2 -> Mg2+ (OH)- (OH)-

ammonia-> window cleaner-> NH3-> NH4+ (OH)-

HCl(g)----H2O-----> H+(aq)+ Cl-(aq)

NaOH(s)-------H2O------> Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

Alkalis-> soluble in water to form a solution

KOH(s)-----H2O-----> K+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Base: pH>7
Acid: pH<7
Neutral: pH=7
Weak base:pH=8-11 (partial dissociation)

1) Acid+Base- Neutralization reactions
2) Base+ammonium salt

1. nitric acid(HNO3) + ammonia (NH4+  OH-) -> ammonium nitrate+water(H + OH-)
2. ammonium nitrate+ magnesium hydroxide-> magnesium nitrate+water+ammonia gas

ACIDS

-Definition

-Dissociation equation

-Chemical formula

-Reaction of acids

-Propertoes

BASES

-Definition

-Dissociation equation

-Chemical formula

-Reaction of bases

-Properties

Ba